Perfect forms and the cohomology of modular groups. Abstract : Perfect forms are those positive definite real quadratic forms which are uniquely determined (up to scalar multiplication) by their minima on integral vectors. We shall dicuss how to use their classification in order to compute the cohomology of the groups $SL_N(\bf Z)$, for $N$ at most seven. This is joint work with P.Elbaz-Vincent and H.Gangl.